The flat tax (PFU) applies to dividends at a fixed rate of 12.8%. This rate is separate from the progressive income tax schedule and includes social levies.

For a net taxable salary of 36,000 euros, the standard deduction is 10% of net income, i.e., 3,600 euros. The taxable base is therefore 36,000 - 3,600 = 32,400 euros. The deduction has a minimum of 495 euros and a maximum of 14,426 euros, but in this case it is 3,600 euros, which is below the maximum.

The calculation is done by applying the progressive tax brackets: nil on the first 11,497 euros, then 11% on the next bracket up to 29,315 euros (i.e., 1,959.87 euros), then 30% on the remainder up to 45,000 euros (i.e., 4,705.20 euros). The total gross tax is therefore 6,665.07 euros.

The average tax rate is calculated as gross tax divided by net taxable income. Here, (6,665.07 / 45,000) x 100 = approximately 14.8%. This rate better reflects the actual tax burden than the marginal rate.

Yes, the family quotient cap prevents the tax savings from additional half-shares from exceeding a certain amount per half-share. In the example given, the savings remain below the cap of 1,791 euros per half-share.

Yes, securities acquired before 2018 can benefit from a 65% holding period allowance for securities held more than eight years when taxed under the progressive schedule. This means that only 35% of the capital gain is taxable.

Net taxable income for wages and salaries is calculated by deducting deductible social contributions and professional expenses from gross salary. The taxpayer can choose between a standard 10% deduction or actual expenses if they are higher.

Allowances reduce the taxable base (such as the 40% allowance on dividends), tax rates determine the applicable percentage (such as the flat tax at 12.8%), and taxable bases are the amounts to which these rates apply (such as net taxable global income).